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`                                            Mass media.
   Mass media ( that is the press, the radio and television ) play an
important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain
people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them
change their views. Mass media mould public opinion.Millions of people in
their spare time watch TV and read newspapers.
   Everybody can find there something interesting for him. On the radio
one can hear music, plays, news and various discussions or commentaries of
current events. Lot’s radio or TV games and films attract a large audience.
Newspapers uses in different ways,but basically they are read.
   There is a lot of advertisment on mass media. Some of the TV and radio
stations and newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can
advertise whatever they choose.
   But it is hardly fair to say that mass media do not try to raise
cultural level of the people or to develop their artistic taste. Mass media
brings to millions of homes not only entertaiment and news but also
cultural and educational programs.
   There are more then six TV channels and lot’s of radio stations and
newspapers now in the Russian Federation.
                                 Education in Russia
   An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things.I think it
is very important that everyone should be educated.Each pupils ought todo
his best to become a useful member of our society. Education is very
important in our life. Going on educational excursions gives us
opportunities to acquire some scientific knowledge.
   In the Russian Federation the school education is compulsary. Pupils
begin to go to school at the age of six. When they complete high grades
they can either continue to study at school for more 2 years, or go to a
professional school where they study not only main subjects , but are able
to learn some profession. When school pupils leave school they can try to
continue their educaton in institutes or universities.
   There are many school types of schools in Russia: specialized,
politecnical, musical art and others. Nowdays appeared some new types of
schools: gimnasiums and colledges.

                         The educational system of Great Britain.
   The educational system of G.B. is extreamely complex and bewildering.
It is very difficult to generalise about particular types of schools as
schools
differ from one to the other. The departament of education and science is
responsible for national educational policy,but it doesn’t employe teacher
or prescribe corricular or text books.
   Each school has it’s own board of governers consisting of teachers,
parents, local politicians, members of local community, businessmen and
sometimes pupils. According to the law only one subject is compulsary. Such
as religious instruction.
   Schooling for children is compulsary from 5 to 16, though some provision
is made for children under 5 and some pupils remain at school after 16 to
prepare for higher education.
   The state school system is usually devided into 2 stages (secondary and
primary).The majority of primary schools are mixed.They are subdevided into
infant schools(ages 5 to 7),and junior schools(ages 7 to11). In junior
schools pupils were often placed in A,B,C or D-streams, according to their
abilities. Under the pressue of progressive parents and teachers the 11+
examination has now been abolished in most parts of the country. There are
some types of schools in G.B.Grammar schools provided an academical cause
for selected pupils from the age of 11 to 18. Only those children who have
the best results are admitted to these schools. They give pupils a high
level of academic education wich can lead to the university.
  Technical Schools offer a general education with a technical bias and
serve those pupils who are more mecanically minded. The corricular includes
more science and mathematics. Secondary modern schools were formed to
provide a non-academic education for children of lesser attainment. The
corricular includes more practical subjects. The comprehensive schools
brings about a general improvement in the system of secondary education.

                                                Leasure time.

  Everybody sometimes has a free time. Somebody  prefer’s only  to sleep in
    their liesure time, but the  largest part of us prefer to do a great
amount of things which are pleasant and interesting for us. It may be
reading, a various types of sport game, watching TV, listening music and
others. If   we have  a few day or  a week we prefer  to go to the
attractive places. Many  peoples thing that pupils and studients have too
much liesure ,but in my opinion, they are wrong. We are very busy. Many
pupils have six  or  se-ven lessons a day  and go to school live or six day
a week. Even during the holiday we learn our lessons after school. And we
just no time to go some-there. Oldest of us are working after school or
institutes. I’am not spend my time at school and ofter I have a free time.
The large part of my free time  devote to reading. I like to read books
about another coun-tries, another times and another worlds. Also I read
books about history of our country.
                                                Besides reading I like to
do physical exercises. I and my school friends often gather after school
and play basketball, fooftball or other active games. But my favorite hobby
is travelling. Usually I travel in summer and ofter it is a trip to the
south, to the warm sea.  thing all peoples must have other occupation
besides their basic work, because it extand the bounduries of the familar
world and teach us something new about people and thing.

           Customs and traditions of english speaking countries.
  Every country and every nation has it’s own  traditions  and  customs.It’s
very important to know traditions and customs of  different  people.it  will
help you toknow more about  the history and life of  different  nations  and
countries.One  cannot  speak  about  england  without  speaking  about  it’s
traditions and customs .They are very  important  in  the  life  of  english
people.Englishman are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them  up.
There are six public holidays a year in G.B.Cristmas day  is  one  of  their
favorite holidays.It’s celebrated on the 25-th of december. There  are  some
traditions connected with it.One  of  them  is  to  give  presents  to  each
other.It is not only choldren and members  of  family.It’s  a  tradition  to
give cristmas presents to the people you work with.Another tradition  is  to
send cristmas cards.All these cards are brightly and  coloured.Most  of  big
cities of G.B.,especially London, are decorated  with  coloured  lights  and
cristmas trees. On Trafalgar Square,in the center of  London  stands  a  big
cristmas tree.It is a gift from the  people  of  Oslo.It  is  over  50  feet
high. Many families  celebrate  cristmas  day  in  the  open  air  near  the
cristmas tree in  order  to  catch  the  spirit  of  cristmas.Children  find
cristmas presents in  their  stockings.The  traditional  english  dinner  on
cristmas is turkey and pudding. Other great holidays are:Father’s
day,Mother’s day,Helloween and other.
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